Amakuru

Iriburiro

Mu bikorwa remezo na sisitemu yinganda za societe igezweho, imiyoboro igira uruhare runini. Bameze nkimiyoboro itwara bucece, gutwara bucece amazi, gaze nibintu bitandukanye, byemeza itangwa ryingufu, imikorere myiza yumusaruro winganda no korohereza ubuzima bwa buri munsi. Ariko, inyuma yumurimo ucecetse wuwo muyoboro, hari "ingenzi itagaragara" - irangi ry'umuyoboro, ritanga uburinzi bukomeye kuri uwo muyoboro.

1. ibisobanuro n'imikorere yo gusiga irangi

Irangi ry'imiyoboro, nkuko izina ribigaragaza, ni irangi ryagenewe gukoreshwa hejuru yimiyoboro. Uruhare rwarwo rurenze kure imitako yoroheje n'ibimenyetso, ariko igera kure murwego rwose rwo kurinda imiyoboro no gukora neza.

(1) Kwangirika no kwirinda ingese

Imiyoboro y'icyuma ikunda kwangirika no kubora ahantu h'ubushuhe, aside cyangwa alkaline. Ibi ntibizagabanya gusa igihe cyumurimo wuwo muyoboro, ahubwo birashobora no gutuma imiyoboro itemba, bigatera impanuka zikomeye z’umutekano ndetse n’umwanda w’ibidukikije. Irangi ry'umuyoboro rirashobora gukora igipande hejuru yumuyoboro kugirango gitandukanya inzitizi z’ibidukikije, birinda neza ubushuhe, ogisijeni nibintu byangirika hamwe nicyuma gihura neza. Muri byo, ibara rirwanya ingese, nk'isasu ritukura, ifu ya zinc, n'ibindi, rishobora gufata imiti hamwe n'ubutaka bw'icyuma kugira ngo habeho urwego ruhamye rw'ibintu, bikarushaho kongera imbaraga zo kurwanya ingese. Muri ubu buryo, irangi ry'umuyoboro ridindiza inzira yo kwangirika no kubora, byongerera cyane ubuzima bwa serivisi umuyoboro, kandi bigabanya amafaranga yo gusana no gusimburwa kubera kwangirika kw'imiyoboro.

(2) Kongera imbaraga zo guhangana nikirere

Umuyoboro ugaragara hanze uhura nikigeragezo cyikirere gitandukanye cyane, urumuri rwizuba ruzatera igifuniko gusaza no kugabanuka, isuri yimvura izagabanya gukomera kwifuniko, kandi guhinduranya ubukonje nubushyuhe bizatuma ibikoresho byumuyoboro byaguka kandi kugabanuka, bityo bigira ingaruka ku busugire bwa coating. Irangi ryiza cyane rifite irwanya ikirere kandi rishobora gukomeza imikorere ihamye y’imihindagurikire y’ikirere. Imiterere yihariye ituma irwanya imirasire ya ultraviolet, ikingira gusaza no gusama; Muri icyo gihe, kurwanya amazi neza bituma imvura itinjira mu mwenda, ikirinda kwangirika kwicyuma. Mu gihe c'imbeho ikonje, irangi ry'umuyoboro rirashobora kwihanganira ingaruka z'ubushyuhe buke, nta guturika no gukuramo; Mu gihe cyizuba ryinshi, irashobora gushyushya ubushyuhe, kugabanya ubwiyongere bwubushyuhe bwimbere bwumuyoboro, bityo bikagabanya ingufu zumuriro wibikoresho byumuyoboro kandi bikanakora neza mumiyoboro.

(3) Kumenyekanisha no kuburira

Muri sisitemu igoye, imiyoboro igamije intego zitandukanye igomba gutandukanywa namabara agaragara kugirango abashoramari bashobore kumenya vuba kandi neza kandi babicunge. Kurugero, imiyoboro ya gaze ikunze gusiga irangi ry'umuhondo kugirango iburire ingaruka zishobora gukenerwa nibisabwa bidasanzwe; Imiyoboro yumuriro irangi itukura kugirango irebe ko ishobora kuboneka vuba kandi ikoreshwa mugihe cyihutirwa. Byongeye kandi, irangi ry'imiyoboro rirashobora kandi kongeramo ibimenyetso biburira ijisho ahantu hateye akaga, ahantu h’umuvuduko mwinshi cyangwa ibice byihariye bikora, nka "akaga gakomeye", "ntukoreho" nibindi. Ibi bimenyetso ntibishobora kwibutsa abakozi gusa kwita ku mutekano, kwirinda imiyoborere mibi, ariko kandi bitanga amakuru y’ingenzi ku batabazi mu bihe byihutirwa, kwihutisha kwivuza byihutirwa, no kugabanya igihombo cy’impanuka.

(4) Kunoza ubwiza

Nubwo ubwiza atari umurimo wibanze wo gusiga irangi, isuku, imwe, ibara ryamabara meza ntagushidikanya kuzamura ishusho rusange ya sisitemu. Ahantu h’inganda, irangi risanzwe kandi rihuriweho rishobora kwerekana urwego rwubuyobozi nishusho yimishinga; Ahantu hahurira abantu benshi, nkumuhanda wumujyi, aho utuye, nibindi, irangi ryiza rishobora kugabanya akajagari kandi bigatuma ibidukikije bigira isuku kandi bikagira gahunda. Byongeye kandi, isura nziza irashobora kongera icyizere cyabaturage no kunyurwa nibikorwa remezo no kuzamura ubwiza bwumujyi.

2, ubwoko nibiranga irangi ry'imiyoboro

Hariho amarangi atandukanye yo gusiga amarangi, buri kimwe gifite imikorere idasanzwe hamwe nibisabwa kugirango uhuze ibyifuzo byo kurinda imiyoboro itandukanye mubidukikije ndetse nakazi keza.

(1) Irangi rirwanya ingese

Irangi rirwanya ingese ni igifuniko gikoreshwa cyane mu gukumira ingese z'icyuma, kandi ni kimwe mu bintu by'ibanze byo kurinda imiyoboro. Ubusanzwe irimo ibara ryihariye rirwanya ingese ninyongeramusaruro, zishobora gukora firime irinda hejuru yicyuma, ikabuza guhuza ogisijeni, ubushuhe nibitangazamakuru byangirika nicyuma, kugirango ibuze neza ingese.
Irangi rirwanya ingese rigabanyijemo ibyiciro bibiri: irangi ryamavuta irwanya ingese hamwe n’amazi ashingiye ku mazi. Irangi rishingiye ku mavuta rirwanya ingese hamwe n’umusemburo wa organic nka diluent, ufite ibiranga gukama vuba no gukora neza birwanya ingese, ariko kubera ibinyabuzima byinshi bihindagurika cyane (VOC), bigira ingaruka runaka kubidukikije no kubuzima bwabantu, ikoreshwa rero rigengwa nimbogamizi zimwe. Ibinyuranye, irangi rishingiye ku mazi rirwanya ingese rikoresha amazi nk'ururimi, rufite ibyiza byo kurengera ibidukikije, umutekano, kandi ntibyoroshye gutwika, kandi byujuje ibisabwa n'amategeko agenga ibidukikije bigezweho. Nyamara, igihe cyacyo cyo kumara ni kirekire, kandi imikorere yacyo yo kurwanya ingese irashobora kuba mbi cyane ugereranije n’amavuta ashingiye ku mavuta yo kurwanya ingese.
Kubijyanye na anti-rust pigment, isuku itukura isanzwe, ifu ya zinc, fosifike ya zinc nibindi. Irangi ritukura rirwanya ingese rifite ingaruka nziza zo kurwanya ingese, ariko kubera ko isasu ritukura ririmo isasu, ryangiza ibidukikije n'umubiri w'umuntu, ryagiye rigabanywa buhoro buhoro. Ifu ya Zinc irwanya ingese ikoresha amashanyarazi ya zinc, ishobora gutanga igihe kirekire kirinda ingese ibyuma, cyane cyane ibereye mu nyanja n’ibindi bihe byangirika. Irangi rya fosifike irwanya ingese ifata hejuru yicyuma kugirango ikore firime ihamye ya fosifate ikingira, ifite imiterere myiza yo kurwanya ingese no kurwanya amazi.

(2) Irangi rirwanya ruswa

Irangi rirwanya ruswa ni igipfundikizo cyabugenewe mu rwego rwo kurwanya isuri y’ibintu bya shimi, kandi bigira uruhare runini mu kurinda imiyoboro mu miti, peteroli, gutunganya imyanda n’inganda. Dukurikije ibitangazamakuru bitandukanye byangirika, irangi rirwanya ruswa rishobora kugabanywamo amarangi arwanya aside, irangi rirwanya alkali, irangi ryangiza umunyu nubundi bwoko.
Irangi rirwanya aside rikoreshwa cyane cyane mukurwanya kwangirika kwibintu bya aside, nka aside sulfurike, aside hydrochloric nibindi. Imikorere ikunze kubamo aside irwanya aside hamwe nudusanduku twihariye tugumana ubusugire nuburinganire bwimyenda yabidukikije. Irangi ryirinda alkali ni iryibintu bya alkaline, nka hydroxide ya sodium, hydroxide ya potasiyumu, nibindi, bifite imbaraga zo kurwanya alkali. Irangi ryangiza umunyu ni uguhangana n’isuri y’umunyu mu bice by’inyanja cyangwa ibidukikije byo mu nyanja, binyuze mu buryo bwihariye bwo gutwikira hamwe n’ibara ryangiza ingese, bikarinda neza imyunyu no kwangirika hejuru y’umuyoboro.
Mugihe uhitamo irangi rirwanya ruswa, birakenewe ko dusuzuma byimazeyo ubushyuhe bwo hagati, ubushyuhe bwakazi, umuvuduko nibindi bintu byo gutwara imiyoboro. Kurugero, mumiyoboro ya chimique, niba itangwa ari imiti yangirika cyane, birakenewe guhitamo irangi rya anticorrosive irwanya imiti ihambaye, hanyuma ugahitamo ubwoko bwa resin hamwe na pigment ukurikije imiterere yihariye yimiti.

(3) Irangi ryinshi ryihanganira irangi

Mubikorwa bimwe bidasanzwe byinganda, nkimiyoboro yubushyuhe, imiyoboro y itanura yinganda, imiyoboro isohora moteri, nibindi, imiyoboro igomba gukora igihe kinini mubushyuhe bwinshi. Irangi ryihanganira ubushyuhe bwo hejuru ryateguwe kugirango rihuze iki cyifuzo.
Irangi ryihanganira ubushyuhe burashobora kugumya kwifata mugihe cyubushyuhe bwo hejuru, nta koroshya, gutemba, kugwa nibindi bintu. Ibice byingenzi byingenzi birimo ubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwihanganira ubushyuhe, pigment irwanya ubushyuhe hamwe nuzuza imikorere. Silicone irangi ryinshi irwanya ubushyuhe nubwoko busanzwe hamwe nubushyuhe buhebuje kandi burashobora gukoreshwa mugihe kirekire mubushyuhe bwa dogere 200 ° C kugeza kuri 600 ° C. Irangi rya silicon organique idasanzwe irashobora kwihanganira ubushyuhe bwinshi, kugeza kuri 800 ° C. cyangwa ndetse hejuru ya 1000 ° C, ariko guhinduka kwayo no kuyifata birakennye.
Kugirango hamenyekane ingaruka zo gusiga irangi ryubushyuhe bwo hejuru, birasabwa kwitonda cyane hejuru yumuyoboro mbere yo kubaka kugirango ukureho amavuta, ingese na oxyde. Muri icyo gihe, mugihe cyubwubatsi, hakwiye kwitabwaho kugenzura ubugari nuburinganire bwikibiriti kugirango hirindwe ko habaho ahantu hanini cyane cyangwa hakeye.

(4) Gukingira irangi

Ku miyoboro itanga ingufu cyangwa ikoreshwa mubikoresho by'amashanyarazi, nk'imiyoboro irinda insinga, amazu ya transformateur, n'ibindi, imikorere yo gukumira irakomeye. Irangi rishobora gukora urwego rwiza rwo hejuru hejuru yumuyoboro, kurinda imyanda ivaho, kandi bigakora neza ibikoresho byamashanyarazi.
Irangi risanzwe rigizwe na resinike ya sintetike, ibishishwa byuzuza kandi byuzuza, kandi bifite imbaraga zo kurwanya insulasiyo, kurwanya voltage no kurwanya ubushuhe. Irangi risanzwe risanzwe ririmo irangi rya alkyd, irangi rya polyester, irangi rya epoxy irinda n'ibindi. Mugihe uhisemo gusiga irangi, birakenewe ko dusuzuma byimazeyo ibintu nka voltage ikora, koresha ibidukikije nibisabwa byumuyoboro.

(5) Irangi ryo kurengera ibidukikije

Hamwe nogukomeza kunoza isi yose kwita kubidukikije, irangi ryangiza ibidukikije ryahindutse ibidukikije ryiterambere ryisoko. Ubu bwoko bw'irangi bugabanya imyuka y’ibinyabuzima bihindagurika (VOC) mu bikorwa byo kuyikoresha no kuyikoresha, bigabanya umwanda w’ibidukikije by’ikirere, kandi bikagabanya ingaruka z’ubuzima ku bakozi n’ubwubatsi.
Irangi ryo kurengera ibidukikije ririmo cyane cyane irangi rishingiye ku mazi, irangi rikomeye hamwe n’irangi ridafite umusemburo nubundi bwoko. Irangi ryamazi rikoresha amazi nkururumuri, ntabwo ririmo ibishishwa kama, bifite ibyiza byo kurengera ibidukikije, umutekano, bidacana nibindi. Mugukomeza ibintu bikomeye mumarangi, imikoreshereze yumuti iragabanuka, bityo kugabanya imyuka ya VOC. Irangi ridashobora gukemuka hafi yubusa kandi rifite ibintu byiza byumubiri nubumara, ariko ibyangombwa byo kubaka birarenze.
Irangi ryo kurengera ibidukikije ntabwo ari ryiza gusa mu kurengera ibidukikije, imikorere yaryo naryo rihora ritera imbere, rishobora guhaza ibyifuzo byo kurinda imiyoboro itandukanye, kandi ryagize uruhare runini mu iterambere rirambye.

3. gutoranya imiyoboro y'amabara

Guhitamo irangi ryiburyo ni urufunguzo rwo kwemeza ingaruka zo kurinda ubuzima bwa serivisi. Mugihe uhisemo, ibintu byinshi bigomba kwitabwaho kugirango byuzuze ibisabwa byumuyoboro mubidukikije ndetse nakazi keza.

(A) ikoreshwa ryibidukikije

Ibidukikije byumuyaga nibyo byibanze muguhitamo irangi. Ibidukikije bitandukanye bifite ibisabwa bitandukanye kugirango bikore.
Niba umuyoboro ushyizwe ahantu h'ubutaka butose, nk'imiyoboro y'imyanda, imiyoboro ya gazi yo mu kuzimu, n'ibindi, birakenewe guhitamo irangi rifite imbaraga zo kurwanya ubushuhe no kurwanya ruswa. Ubu bwoko bw'irangi bufite imbaraga zo kurwanya amazi no kurwanya imiti, bishobora gukumira neza isuri y'amazi n'imiti mu butaka bwo munsi.
Ku miyoboro igaragara hanze, nk'imiyoboro yubushyuhe bwo hejuru, imiyoboro ya peteroli, nibindi, bakeneye kwihanganira ikizamini cyibintu bisanzwe nko izuba, isuri yimvura, umuyaga nisuri. Kubwibyo, gusiga irangi ryumuyaga hamwe nikirere cyiza kandi birwanya kwambara bigomba guhitamo kugirango igifuniko gikomeze kuba cyiza mugihe kirekire cyo hanze.
Niba umuyoboro uri mubushyuhe bwo hejuru, nk'imiyoboro y'itanura ry'inganda, imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi y’amashyanyarazi, n'ibindi, noneho irangi ryihanganira ubushyuhe bwo hejuru niryo hitamo ryiza. Irangi rirashobora kugumana imiterere yumubiri nubumara mubushyuhe bwinshi, bikarinda umuyoboro guhinduka, kwangirika nibindi bibazo kubera ubushyuhe bwinshi.

(B) Ibintu bitwarwa n'imiyoboro

Ibikoresho bitwarwa numuyoboro nabyo bigira ingaruka zikomeye muguhitamo irangi. Ibintu bitandukanye bifite imiti itandukanye yumubiri nu mubiri, bishobora gutera kwangirika, gushonga cyangwa kwambara kumuringoti.
Niba umuyoboro utwara ibintu byangirika, nka acide, alkalis, ibisubizo byumunyu, nibindi, ugomba rero guhitamo irangi rirwanya ruswa rishobora kwihanganira isuri yibintu bya chimique bihuye. Kurugero, umuyoboro utwara aside sulfurike ugomba gukoresha irangi rirwanya aside, naho umuyoboro utwara sodium hydroxide ukenera gukoresha irangi rirwanya alkali.
Mu kohereza ibikoresho byaka kandi biturika nka peteroli na gaze gasanzwe, usibye no gusuzuma imikorere yo kurwanya ruswa, birakenewe kandi guhitamo irangi ry'umuyoboro rifite imikorere myiza irwanya static kugirango hirindwe ko amashanyarazi ahamye atera umuriro cyangwa impanuka ziturika.
Niba ari umuyoboro w'amazi cyangwa kunywa, guhitamo irangi birakomeye, bigomba gukoresha irangi ridafite uburozi bwo kurengera ibidukikije ryujuje ubuziranenge bw’ubuzima, kugira ngo ibikoresho bitwarwa bitanduye, mu rwego rwo kurengera ubuzima n’umutekano by’abaturage .

(C) Imiterere yubwubatsi

Imiterere yubwubatsi igira uruhare rutaziguye muguhitamo no kubaka amarangi. Uburyo bwubwubatsi, guhumeka ahazubakwa, nibisabwa kuvura hejuru nibintu byose bigomba kwitabwaho.
Irangi ritandukanye rirakwiriye muburyo butandukanye bwo kubaka. Kurugero, amarangi amwe akwiranye no gukaraba kubera ubwiza bwayo bwinshi kandi arashobora guhuzwa kimwe hejuru yumuyoboro munsi yigikorwa cya brush; Andi marangi arakwiriye gutera, kuko akora igipande cyoroshye, kimwe.
Guhumeka ahazubakwa nabyo ni ngombwa. Ahantu hadahumeka neza, hagomba gutoranywa irangi hamwe n’ibinyabuzima bihindagurika (VOC) kugira ngo bigabanye ingaruka z’ubuzima bw’abakozi bo mu bwubatsi ndetse n’umwanda ku bidukikije.
Byongeye kandi, ibisabwa byo kuvura hejuru yumuyoboro bizagira ingaruka no guhitamo irangi. Niba ubuso bwumuyoboro bwarangiritse cyane cyangwa hari imyanda ihumanya nkamavuta, birakenewe guhitamo irangi ryumuyoboro rishobora gukomeza gukomera neza mubihe bitameze neza, cyangwa kuvura cyane kubutaka mbere yo kubaka.

(D) Ingengo yimari

Iyo uhisemo irangi ry'imiyoboro, bije nayo ni ikintu kidashobora kwirengagizwa. Igiciro cyubwoko butandukanye nibirango by'irangi ry'imiyoboro biratandukanye cyane, birakenewe rero guhitamo neza ukurikije ingengo yimishinga hashingiwe ku kuzuza ibisabwa byo kurinda.
Muri rusange, irangi ryimikorere ihanitse irazimvye cyane, ariko irashobora gutanga igihe kirekire cyumurimo no kurinda neza. Niba ingengo yimishinga igarukira, urashobora guhitamo ibicuruzwa bikoresha neza, ariko urebe neza ko imikorere yayo ishobora kuzuza ibyifuzo byibanze byo kurinda umuyoboro.
Muri icyo gihe, birakenewe kandi gusuzuma ikiguzi cyo kubungabunga amarangi. Amabara amwe amwe yo mu rwego rwohejuru, nubwo ishoramari ryambere ari ryinshi, rirashobora kuba ubukungu mugihe kirekire bitewe nigihe kirekire kandi nigihe gito cyo kubungabunga.

4, tekinoroji yo kubaka amarangi

Ikorana buhanga ryubwubatsi ni ihuriro ryingenzi kugirango harebwe ingaruka zo gukingira amarangi. Gusa mugukurikiza byimazeyo inzira isanzwe yubwubatsi turashobora kwemeza ko ubwiza nigikorwa cyo gutwikira byujuje intego ziteganijwe.

(1) Kuvura hejuru

Kuvura hejuru ni intambwe yingenzi yo kubaka amarangi, kandi ubwiza bwayo bugira ingaruka ku buryo bwo gufatira hamwe no kurinda ingaruka.
Mbere yo kuvura hejuru, ubuso bwumuyoboro bugomba gusukurwa neza kugirango bikureho umwanda nkamavuta, umukungugu, ingese, na oxyde. Ku miyoboro yononekaye cyane, kuvura ingese mubisanzwe bikorwa no kumusenyi, gutoragura, gusya hamwe nubundi buryo. Guturika umucanga nuburyo busanzwe bwo kuvanaho ingese, bukuraho ingese na okiside mukubita hejuru yumuyoboro hamwe nuduce twumucanga twatewe kumuvuduko mwinshi, kuburyo ubuso bugera kumurongo runaka kandi bikongerera gufatira hamwe. Gutoragura ni ugukoresha umuti wa aside kugirango ushongeshe ingese na oxyde hejuru yumuyoboro, ariko birakenewe ko witondera uburyo bwo kutabogama no gukaraba nyuma yo gutoragura kugirango aside isigara idatera ruswa ya kabiri kumuyoboro. Gusya birakwiriye kubora ingese cyangwa ahantu hato ho kuvura.
Usibye kuvanaho ingese, birakenewe kandi gukuramo amavuta n'umukungugu hejuru yumuyoboro. Uburyo nko guhanagura ibishishwa, gusukura lye cyangwa gutemba amazi yumuvuduko mwinshi birashobora gukoreshwa. Nyuma yo kuvura hejuru birangiye, bigomba kugenzurwa mugihe kugirango harebwe niba imiyoboro yujuje ibyangombwa bisukuye hamwe nibisabwa.

(2) Mbere yo gutwikira

Mbere yo gutwikira ni inzira yo kubanza gutwikira ibice byumuyoboro bigoye gusiga irangi, nka weld, inguni, umugozi wa bolt.
Bitewe nuburyo bugoye, ibi bice bikunda guhura nibibazo nko gutwikiriye neza no kubura igifuniko muburyo busanzwe bwo gusiga amarangi, bityo bigomba kuvurwa hakiri kare. Irangi ryakoreshejwe mbere yo gutwikira rigomba kuba rimeze nk'igifuniko nyamukuru, kandi kubaka bigomba gukorwa hakoreshejwe umuyonga cyangwa imbunda ntoya ya spray kugirango ibyo bice birindwe bihagije.

(3) Gushushanya

Irangi niryo sano ryibanze ryubwubatsi bwo gusiga amarangi, ukurikije ubwoko bwirangi ryamabara nibisabwa mubwubatsi, hitamo uburyo bukwiye bwo gushushanya.
Gukaraba Brush nuburyo bwa gakondo bwo gutwikira, bubereye ahantu hato, imiterere igoye yumuyoboro cyangwa gusana byaho. Mugihe ukoresheje brush, witondere ubukana nubugari bwibisebe, kimwe nicyerekezo nimbaraga za brush, kugirango urebe ko igifuniko ari kimwe kandi ntigisohoka.
Ipfunyika ya roller ikwiranye nubuso bunini bwumuyoboro uringaniye, irashobora kunoza imikorere yubwubatsi, ariko ubunini bwikibiriti ni buke.
Ipfunyika ya roller ikwiranye nubuso bunini bwumuyoboro uringaniye, irashobora kunoza imikorere yubwubatsi, ariko ubunini bwikibiriti ni buke.

Ibyacu

Isosiyete yacuyamye yubahiriza "'siyanse n'ikoranabuhanga, ubuziranenge bwa mbere, inyangamugayo kandi zizewe, gushyira mu bikorwa ls0900l: .2000 sisitemu yo gucunga ubuziranenge mpuzamahanga. .Nkumwuga kandi uruganda rukomeye rwabashinwa, turashobora gutanga ingero kubakiriya bashaka kugura, niba ukeneye irangi iryo ari ryo ryose, twandikire.