Amakuru

Intangiriro y'irangi

Mu bikorwa remezo n'inganda bya sosiyete ya none, imiyoboro ifite uruhare runini. Ni nk'imiyoboro y'ubwikorezi idatuje, itwara amazi, imyuka n'ibindi bintu bitandukanye mu buryo bucecetse, igenzura ko ingufu zitangwa, imikorere myiza y'inganda ndetse n'imibereho myiza ya buri munsi. Ariko, inyuma y'umurimo udatuje w'imiyoboro, hari "uburinzi butagaragara" bw'ingenzi - irangi ry'imiyoboro, ritanga uburinzi bw'ingenzi ku muyoboro.

1. ibisobanuro n'imikorere y'irangi ry'imiyoboro

Irangi ry'imiyoboro, nk'uko izina ribigaragaza, ni irangi ryagenewe gukoreshwa ku buso bw'imiyoboro. Uruhare rwaryo rurenze kure imitako n'ibyapa byoroshye, ahubwo rigera no mu nzego zose zo kurinda imiyoboro no kuyinoza.

(1) Gukumira ingese n'ingese

Imiyoboro y'icyuma ikunze kwangirika no kwangirika mu duce dutose, aside cyangwa alkaline. Ibi ntibizagabanya gusa igihe cy'umurimo w'umuyoboro, ahubwo bishobora no gutuma umuyoboro usohoka, bigatera impanuka zikomeye mu mutekano no kwanduza ibidukikije. Irangi ry'imiyoboro rishobora gukora urwego ku buso bw'umuyoboro kugira ngo ritandukanye imbogamizi z'ibidukikije zo hanze, hirindwe ubushuhe, ogisijeni n'ibintu byangiza ndetse n'ibyuma bihura na byo. Muri byo, ibara rirwanya ingese, nka lisansi itukura, ifu ya zinc, nibindi, rishobora gukorana n'ubuso bw'icyuma kugira ngo rikore urwego ruhamye rw'ibintu, bikongera ingaruka zo kurwanya ingese. Muri ubu buryo, irangi ry'umuyoboro ritinza inzira yo kwangirika no kwangirika, rikongera cyane igihe cy'umurimo w'umuyoboro, kandi rigabanya ikiguzi cyo gusana no gusimbuza bitewe n'ibyangiritse by'umuyoboro.

(2) Kongera ubushobozi bwo guhangana n'ikirere

Umuyoboro ugaragara hanze uhura n'ibigeragezo by'ikirere gikabije, imirasire y'izuba ituma irangi risaza kandi rikagabanuka, isuri y'imvura igabanya ubushobozi bwo gufatana kw'irangi, kandi guhindagurika kw'ubukonje n'ubushyuhe bizatuma ibikoresho by'imiyoboro byaguka kandi bigacika, bityo bigira ingaruka ku buziranenge bw'irangi. Irangi ry'imiyoboro ryiza cyane rirwanya ikirere neza kandi rishobora gukomeza gukora neza mu mihindagurikire y'ikirere igihe kirekire. Uburyo bwaryo bwihariye butuma rirwanya imirasire ya ultraviolet, rikarinda gusaza no kwangirika; Muri icyo gihe, ubushobozi bwiza bwo kwirinda amazi butuma imvura itinjira mu irangi, birinda kwangirika kw'icyuma kiri munsi yacyo. Mu gihe cy'ubukonje, irangi ry'imiyoboro rishobora kwihanganira ingaruka z'ubushyuhe buke, ritavunitse cyangwa ngo rishibuke; Mu gihe cy'izuba rishyushye, rishobora gushyushya neza ubushyuhe, rigabanye kwiyongera k'ubushyuhe bw'imbere bw'umuyoboro, bityo rigabanye ubushyuhe bw'ibikoresho by'imiyoboro kandi rigatuma umuyoboro ukora neza.

(3) Kumenya no kuburira

Mu miyoboro igoye, imiyoboro ikoreshwa mu buryo butandukanye igomba gutandukanywa n'amabara agaragara kugira ngo abayikoresha bashobore kuyimenya no kuyicunga vuba kandi neza. Urugero, imiyoboro ya gazi ikunze gusigwa irangi ry'umuhondo kugira ngo iburire abantu ibyago bishobora kubaho n'ibisabwa byihariye; imiyoboro y'umuriro isigwa irangi ry'umutuku kugira ngo imenyekane vuba kandi ikoreshwe mu gihe cy'impanuka. Byongeye kandi, irangi ry'imiyoboro rishobora no kongeramo ibimenyetso bikurura amaso ahantu hateje akaga, ahantu hafite umuvuduko mwinshi cyangwa ibice byihariye bikora, nko "akaga gakomeye k'umuvuduko mwinshi", "ntukoreho" n'ibindi. Ibi bimenyetso ntibishobora kwibutsa abakozi gusa kwita ku mutekano, kwirinda gukoresha nabi, ahubwo binatanga amakuru y'ingenzi ku bashinzwe ubutabazi mu bihe byihutirwa, kwihutisha umuvuduko w'ubuvuzi bwihutirwa, no kugabanya igihombo cy'impanuka.

(4) Kunoza ubwiza

Nubwo ubwiza atari wo murimo w'ingenzi w'irangi ry'imiyoboro, irangi risukuye, ringana kandi rifite amabara meza nta gushidikanya ko rishobora kongera isura rusange y'imiyoboro. Mu nganda, irangi ry'imiyoboro risanzwe kandi rihuriweho rishobora kwerekana urwego rw'ubuyobozi n'ishusho y'ibigo; Mu bice bihurira abantu benshi, nko mu mihanda y'umujyi, mu duce dutuwemo n'abantu benshi, irangi ryiza ry'imiyoboro rishobora kugabanya akajagari k'amaso no gutuma ibidukikije birushaho kuba isuku no gutungana. Byongeye kandi, isura nziza ishobora kongera icyizere cy'abaturage no kunyurwa n'ibikorwa remezo no kongera ireme ry'umujyi muri rusange.

2, ubwoko n'imiterere y'irangi ry'imiyoboro

Hariho ubwoko butandukanye bw'irangi ry'imiyoboro, buri rimwe rifite imikorere yihariye n'uburyo bwo kurikoresha kugira ngo rihuze n'ibikenewe mu kurinda imiyoboro itandukanye mu bidukikije bitandukanye no mu mikorere itandukanye.

(1) Irangi rirwanya ingese

Irangi rirwanya ingese ni irangi rikoreshwa cyane mu gukumira ingese mu byuma, kandi ni rimwe mu mabara y'ibanze yo kurinda imiyoboro. Ubusanzwe rigizwe n'amabara yihariye arwanya ingese n'ibindi birungo, bishobora gukora agahu gakomeye gakingira hejuru y'icyuma, bigahagarika uruhu hagati ya ogisijeni, ubushuhe n'ibintu byangiza n'icyuma, kugira ngo bikumire neza ingese.
Irangi rirwanya ingese rigabanyijemo ibice bibiri: irangi rirwanya ingese rikomoka ku mavuta n'irangi rirwanya ingese rikomoka ku mazi. Irangi rirwanya ingese rikomoka ku mavuta rifite umuti ukomoka ku bimera nk'umusemburo, rifite imiterere yo kuma vuba kandi rirwanya ingese neza, ariko kubera ko rifite ingano nyinshi y'ibintu bihumanya ikirere (VOC), rigira ingaruka ku bidukikije no ku buzima bw'abantu, bityo ikoreshwa ryaryo rigengwa n'amabwiriza amwe n'amwe. Mu buryo bunyuranye, irangi rirwanya ingese rikomoka ku mazi rikoresha amazi nk'umusemburo, rifite ibyiza byo kurengera ibidukikije, umutekano, kandi ntiryoroshye gutwika, kandi rihuye n'amabwiriza agezweho agenga ibidukikije. Ariko, igihe cyaryo cyo kuma ni kirekire, kandi imikorere yaryo ishobora kuba mibi gato ugereranyije n'irangi rirwanya ingese rikomoka ku mavuta rimwe na rimwe.
Ku bijyanye n'amabara arwanya ingese, ifu isanzwe y'umutuku, ifu ya zinc, fosifate ya zinc n'ibindi. Irangi rirwanya ingese rya zinc rifite ingaruka nziza zo kurwanya ingese, ariko kubera ko ifu itukura irimo ifu yangiza ibidukikije n'umubiri w'umuntu, ryagiye rigabanuka buhoro buhoro. Ifu ya zinc ikoresha uburinzi bwa zinc bukoresha amashanyarazi, bushobora gutanga uburinzi bwiza bwo kurwanya ingese ku byuma, cyane cyane bikwiranye n'ibidukikije byo mu mazi n'ibindi bihe byangiza. Irangi rirwanya ingese rya zinc phosphate rikorana n'ubuso bw'icyuma kugira ngo rikore filime irinda phosphate ihamye, ifite ubushobozi bwiza bwo kurwanya ingese no kwirinda amazi.

(2) Irangi rirwanya ingese

Irangi rirwanya ingese ni irangi ryagenewe kurwanya ingese y’ibintu bihumanya ikirere, kandi rigira uruhare runini mu kurinda imiyoboro mu nganda zikoresha imiti, peteroli, imyanda n’izindi nganda. Dukurikije uburyo butandukanye bwo kwangiza ibidukikije, irangi rirwanya ingese rishobora kugabanywamo irangi rirwanya aside, irangi rirwanya alkali, irangi rikoresha umunyu n’andi moko.
Irangi rirwanya aside rikoreshwa cyane cyane mu kurwanya ingese y'ibintu bikomoka kuri aside, nka aside sulfurike, aside hydrochloric n'ibindi. Ibigize irangi akenshi biba birimo resins zirwanya aside n'ibindi byuzuza byihariye bigumana ubusugire n'ubudahangarwa bw'igitambaro mu bidukikije bikomoka kuri aside. Irangi rirwanya aside ni iry'ibintu bikomoka kuri aside, nka sodium hydroxide, potasiyumu hydroxide, nibindi, rifite ubudahangarwa bwiza bwa aside. Irangi rirwanya aside ni iry'irwanya isuri mu bice by'inyanja cyangwa mu bidukikije byo mu mazi, binyuze mu miterere yihariye yo gusiga n'amabara arwanya ingese, ririnda neza ko umunyu ushyirwa ku buso bw'umuyoboro.
Mu guhitamo irangi rirwanya ingese, ni ngombwa gusuzuma neza ubushyuhe buri hagati, ubushyuhe bukoreshwa, umuvuduko n'ibindi bintu byo gutwara imiyoboro. Urugero, mu muyoboro w'imiti, niba itangwa ari imiti ihumanya cyane, ni ngombwa guhitamo irangi rirwanya ingese rifite ubushobozi bwo kurwanya ingese, hanyuma ugahitamo ubwoko bwa resin n'ibara bihuye nabyo bitewe n'imiterere yihariye y'imiti.

(3) Irangi rirwanya ubushyuhe bwinshi

Mu bintu byihariye bikoreshwa mu nganda, nk'imiyoboro ishyushya, imiyoboro y'amatanura yo mu nganda, imiyoboro isohora moteri, n'ibindi, imiyoboro igomba gukora igihe kirekire ahantu hari ubushyuhe bwinshi. Irangi rirwanya ubushyuhe bwinshi rirakorwa kugira ngo rihuze n'icyo cyifuzo.
Irangi rirwanya ubushyuhe bwinshi rishobora kugumana ubushyuhe burambye mu gihe cy'ubushyuhe bwinshi, ritaroroshye, ritemba, rigwa n'ibindi bintu. Ibice byaryo by'ingenzi birimo resin irwanya ubushyuhe bwinshi, irangi rirwanya ubushyuhe n'ibikoresho bikora neza. Irangi rirwanya ubushyuhe bwinshi rya silikoni ni ubwoko busanzwe bufite ubushyuhe bwinshi kandi rishobora gukoreshwa igihe kirekire mu bushyuhe buri hagati ya 200 ° C na 600 ° C. Irangi ritari umwimerere rya silikoni rishobora kwihanganira ubushyuhe bwinshi, kugeza kuri 800 ° C cyangwa ndetse rirenze 1000 ° C, ariko ubworoherane bwaryo n'uburyo rifatana naryo ni bike cyane.
Kugira ngo irangi rishyushye cyane rigire ingaruka nziza, hakenewe gusukurwa neza ku buso bw'umuyoboro mbere yo kubaka kugira ngo hakurweho amavuta, ingese na okiside. Muri icyo gihe, mu gihe cyo kubaka, hagomba kwitabwaho kugenzura ubugari n'uburyo irangi ringana kugira ngo hirindwe ko irangi rito cyane cyangwa rito cyane.

(4) Irangi ririnda ubushyuhe

Ku miyoboro itwara ingufu cyangwa ikoreshwa mu bikoresho by'amashanyarazi, nk'imiyoboro irinda insinga, imiyoboro ya transfoma, nibindi, imikorere y'ubushyuhe ni ingenzi cyane. Irangi ririnda ubushyuhe rishobora gukora urwego rwiza rurinda ubushyuhe ku buso bw'umuyoboro, rikarinda amazi kuva, kandi rigatuma ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi bikora neza mu mutekano.
Irangi rikingira ubushyuhe risanzwe rigizwe na resin y’ubukorikori, solvent na insulation filler, kandi rifite ubushobozi bwo kwirinda ubushyuhe, rirwanya voltage kandi rirwanya ubushuhe. Amarangi asanzwe akingira ubushyuhe arimo irangi rikingira alkyd, irangi rikingira polyester, irangi rikingira epoxy n'ibindi. Mu guhitamo irangi rikingira ubushyuhe, ni ngombwa gusuzuma neza ibintu nk'amashanyarazi akora, ibidukikije bikoreshwa n'ibisabwa mu gukingira ubushyuhe bw'umuyoboro.

(5) Irangi ryo kurengera ibidukikije

Kubera ko isi yose ikomeje kwita ku kubungabunga ibidukikije, irangi ry’imiyoboro ritangiza ibidukikije ryabaye ikintu cy’ingenzi ku isoko. Ubu bwoko bw’irangi bugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere (VOC) mu ikorwa n’ikoreshwa ryayo, bugabanya umwanda w’ikirere, kandi bugabanya n’ingaruka mbi ku buzima bw’abakozi n’abakoresha.
Irangi ryo kurengera ibidukikije rigizwe ahanini n'irangi rishingiye ku mazi, irangi rikomeye cyane n'iridafite ibirungo n'ubundi bwoko. Irangi rikoreshwa mu mazi rikoresha amazi nk'umusemburo, ntiririmo ibirungo by'umwimerere, rifite ibyiza byo kurengera ibidukikije, umutekano, ritagurumana n'ibindi. Mu kongera ibirungo bikomeye mu irangi, ikoreshwa ry'ibirungo biragabanuka, bityo bigagabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere (VOC). Irangi ridafite ibirungo hafi ya ryose nta birungo rifite kandi rifite imiterere myiza y'umubiri n'imiti, ariko ibisabwa mu bwubatsi biri hejuru.
Irangi ryo kurengera ibidukikije si ryiza gusa mu kurengera ibidukikije, ahubwo rinatera imbere buri gihe, rishobora guhaza ibyifuzo by'imiyoboro itandukanye yo kurengera, kandi ryagize uruhare runini mu iterambere rirambye.

3. guhitamo aho irangi ry'imiyoboro rishyirwa

Guhitamo irangi ry'umuyoboro rikwiye ni ingenzi kugira ngo umuyoboro ukomeze kurinda no gukora neza. Mu gihe uhitamo, hari ibintu byinshi bigomba kwitabwaho kugira ngo huzuzwe ibisabwa n'umuyoboro mu bidukikije n'aho ukorera.

(A) ikoreshwa ry'ibidukikije by'imiyoboro

Imiterere y'ibidukikije by'umuyoboro ni yo ngingo y'ingenzi mu guhitamo irangi ry'imiyoboro. Ibidukikije bitandukanye bifite ibisabwa bitandukanye kugira ngo irangi rikoreshwe.
Iyo umuyoboro ushyizwe ahantu hatose munsi y’ubutaka, nko mu miyoboro y’amazi mabi, imiyoboro ya gaze yo munsi y’ubutaka, nibindi, ni ngombwa guhitamo irangi rirwanya ubushuhe n’ingese. Ubusanzwe iri irangi rirwanya amazi n’imiti, rishobora gukumira isuri y’amazi n’imiti mu butaka bwo munsi y’ubutaka.
Ku miyoboro igaragara hanze, nko mu miyoboro ishyushya hejuru, mu miyoboro ya peteroli, nibindi, igomba kwihanganira ibintu karemano nko kwibasirwa n'izuba, isuri y'imvura, isuri y'umuyaga n'umucanga. Kubwibyo, irangi ry'imiyoboro rifite ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira ikirere kandi ridashobora kwangirika rigomba gutoranywa kugira ngo irangi rikomeze kuba rihamye mu gihe kirekire cyo hanze.
Niba umuyoboro uri ahantu hashyushye cyane, nko mu miyoboro y'amatanura y'inganda, imiyoboro y'umwuka w'uruganda rukoresha ubushyuhe bwinshi, n'ibindi, irangi rirwanya ubushyuhe bwinshi ni ryo ryiza kurusha ayandi. Iri rangi rishobora kugumana imiterere yaryo ifatika n'iya shimi mu bushyuhe bwinshi, rikarinda umuyoboro kwangirika, kwangirika n'ibindi bibazo biterwa n'ubushyuhe bwinshi.

(B) Ibintu bitwarwa n'imiyoboro

Ibikoresho bitwarwa n'umuyoboro nabyo bigira ingaruka zikomeye ku ihitamo ry'irangi ry'imiyoboro. Ibintu bitandukanye bifite imiterere itandukanye ya shimi n'iy'umubiri, bishobora gutera ingese, gushonga cyangwa kwangirika kw'igitambaro cy'umuyoboro.
Niba umuyoboro utwara ibintu bihumanya, nka aside, alkali, umunyu, nibindi, ugomba guhitamo irangi rirwanya kwangirika rishobora kwihanganira kwangirika kw'ibintu bifitanye isano. Urugero, umuyoboro utwara aside sulfurike ugomba gukoresha irangi rirwanya aside, naho umuyoboro utwara umuti wa sodium hydroxide ugakoresha irangi rirwanya aside.
Kugira ngo hoherezwe ibikoresho bishobora gushya n'ibiturika nka peteroli na gaze karemano, uretse gutekereza ku mikorere yo kurwanya ingese, ni ngombwa kandi guhitamo irangi ry'imiyoboro rifite imikorere myiza yo kurwanya ingese kugira ngo hirindwe ko amashanyarazi adahinduka yatera impanuka z'inkongi cyangwa guturika.
Niba ari umuyoboro w'amazi yo kunywa cyangwa ibiribwa, guhitamo irangi birakomeye cyane, ugomba gukoresha irangi ritangiza ibidukikije kandi ryujuje ibisabwa mu buzima, kugira ngo ibikoresho bitwarwa bitanduye, kandi birinde ubuzima n'umutekano by'abaturage.

(C) Imiterere y'inyubako

Imiterere y'ubwubatsi igira ingaruka zitaziguye ku guhitamo no ku ngaruka z'inyubako z'irangi ry'imiyoboro. Uburyo bw'ubwubatsi, uburyo umwuka uhumekera aho bubaka, n'ibisabwa mu gutunganya ubuso byose ni ibintu bigomba kwitabwaho.
Amarangi atandukanye y'imiyoboro akwiriye uburyo butandukanye bwo kubaka. Urugero, amwe mu marangi akwiriye kozwa kubera ko afite ubushyuhe bwinshi kandi ashobora gushyirwa ku buso bw'umuyoboro munsi y'uburoso; Andi marangi akwiriye kozwa kuko akora irangi rito kandi ringana.
Guhumeka kw'aho bubaka nabyo ni ingenzi. Ahantu hatarimo umwuka uhagije, hagomba gutoranywa irangi rifite ibintu bike bihumanya ikirere (VOC) kugira ngo bigabanye ingaruka mbi ku buzima bw'abakozi b'ubwubatsi ndetse n'umwanda ku bidukikije.
Byongeye kandi, ibisabwa mu gutunganya ubuso bw'umuyoboro bizagira ingaruka ku ihitamo ry'irangi. Niba ubuso bw'umuyoboro bwangiritse cyane cyangwa hari imyanda nk'amavuta, ni ngombwa guhitamo irangi ry'umuyoboro rishobora gukomeza gufata neza mu gihe hari ubuso bubi, cyangwa gutunganya ubuso neza mbere yo kubaka.

(D) Ingengo y'imari

Mu guhitamo irangi ry'imiyoboro, ingengo y'imari nayo ni ikintu kidashobora kwirengagizwa. Igiciro cy'ubwoko butandukanye n'ibirango by'irangi ry'imiyoboro kiratandukanye cyane, bityo ni ngombwa guhitamo neza hakurikijwe ingengo y'imari hakurikijwe ibisabwa kugira ngo ube wujuje ibisabwa mu kurinda.
Muri rusange, amarangi y'imiyoboro ikora neza cyane arahenze, ariko ashobora kumara igihe kirekire kandi akaba arinda neza. Niba ingengo y'imari ari nke, ushobora guhitamo ibikoresho bihendutse, ariko urebe neza ko imikorere yayo ishobora guhaza ibyo umuyoboro ukeneye by'ibanze.
Muri icyo gihe, ni ngombwa kandi gutekereza ku kiguzi cyo kubungabunga irangi ry’imiyoboro. Amwe mu marangi y’imiyoboro meza cyane, nubwo ishoramari rya mbere ari rinini, ashobora kuba ahendutse kurushaho mu gihe kirekire bitewe n’uko aramba neza kandi akaba adakunze kubungabungwa.

4, ikoranabuhanga ryo kubaka irangi ry'imiyoboro

Ikoranabuhanga rikwiye mu bwubatsi ni ingenzi kugira ngo irangi ry’imiyoboro ribe ririnda ingaruka mbi. Ni mu gukurikiza neza inzira isanzwe y’ubwubatsi, ni bwo dushobora kwemeza ko ireme n’imikorere y’ipamba bihuye n’intego byitezwe.

(1) Gutunganya ubuso

Gutunganya ubuso ni intambwe y'ingenzi mu kubaka irangi ry'imiyoboro, kandi ubwiza bwaryo bugira ingaruka zitaziguye ku gufatana no kurinda irangi.
Mbere yo gutunganya ubuso bw'umuyoboro, ubuso bw'umuyoboro bugomba gusukurwa neza kugira ngo haveho imyanda nk'amavuta, umukungugu, ingese, na okiside. Ku miyoboro yangiritse cyane, uburyo bwo gukuraho ingese bukunze gukorwa hakoreshejwe umucanga, gusya, gusya n'ubundi buryo. Gusya umucanga ni uburyo busanzwe bwo gukuraho ingese, bukuraho ingese n'urwego rwa okiside mu gukubita hejuru y'umuyoboro uduce tw'umucanga dusutswe ku muvuduko mwinshi, kugira ngo ubuso bugere ku buryo bugoye kandi bwongere uburyo bwo gufatana kw'igitambaro. Gusya ni ugukoresha umuti wa aside kugira ngo ushongeshe ingese na okiside ku buso bw'umuyoboro, ariko ni ngombwa kwita ku buryo bwo kugabanya ingese no gukaraba nyuma yo gusya kugira ngo hirindwe ko aside isigaye yatera ingese ku muyoboro. Gusya birakwiriye mu buryo bwo gutunganya ingese cyangwa ahantu hato.
Uretse gukuraho ingese, ni ngombwa kandi gukuraho amavuta n'umukungugu ku buso bw'umuyoboro. Uburyo nko gusukura ibinyabutabire, gusukura lye cyangwa gusuka amazi afite umuvuduko mwinshi burashobora gukoreshwa. Nyuma yo gutunganya ubuso, bugomba kugenzurwa ku gihe kugira ngo harebwe ko ubuso bw'umuyoboro bwujuje ibisabwa mu isuku n'ubukana byagenwe.

(2) Gusiga irangi mbere yo gusiga

Gusiga irangi mbere y'igihe ni uburyo bwo gusiga irangi mbere y'igihe ibice by'umuyoboro bigoye gusiga irangi, nk'umuyoboro wo gusudira, inguni, n'aho umuyoboro uhurira.
Bitewe n'imiterere igoye, ibi bice bikunze guhura n'ibibazo nko gusiga amavuta make no kubura amavuta mu gihe gisanzwe cyo gusiga amarangi, bityo bigomba gusukurwa mbere y'igihe. Irangi rikoreshwa mu gusiga amavuta rigomba kuba rimwe n'iry'ingenzi, kandi imiterere igomba gukorwa hakoreshejwe uburoso cyangwa imbunda ntoya kugira ngo ibyo bice birindwe neza.

(3) Gushushanya

Gusiga amarangi ni cyo kintu cy'ingenzi mu kubaka irangi ry'imiyoboro, hakurikijwe ubwoko bw'irangi ry'imiyoboro n'ibisabwa mu bwubatsi, hitamo uburyo bukwiye bwo gusiga amarangi.
Gusiga uburoso ni uburyo gakondo bwo gusiga, bukwiriye ahantu hato, imiterere igoye y'umuyoboro cyangwa gusana aho uherereye. Mu gihe ukoresha uburoso, witondere ubukomere n'ubugari bw'imitsi, ndetse n'icyerekezo n'imbaraga by'uburoso, kugira ngo urebe neza ko igitambaro gihuye kandi nta gusohoka kw'amazi.
Gupfuka imiyoboro bikwiranye n'ahantu hanini h'imiyoboro iringaniye, bishobora kongera imikorere myiza mu bwubatsi, ariko ubugari bw'ipfukamizo ni buto cyane.
Gupfuka imiyoboro bikwiranye n'ahantu hanini h'imiyoboro iringaniye, bishobora kongera imikorere myiza mu bwubatsi, ariko ubugari bw'ipfukamizo ni buto cyane.

Ibyerekeye twe

Isosiyete yacukuva kera yakomeje gukurikiza ""ubumenyi n'ikoranabuhanga, mbere ya byose, ubunyangamugayo n'ubwizerwe, gushyira mu bikorwa gahunda mpuzamahanga yo gucunga ubuziranenge ya ls0900l:.2000. Dufite ikoranabuhanga rihamye, dutanga serivisi nziza, twatsindiye kumenyekana ku bakoresha benshi.Nk'umwuga, uruganda rukomeye kandi rusanzwe rw'Abashinwa, dushobora gutanga ingero ku bakiriya bashaka kugura, niba ukeneye irangi, twandikire.